|
Order fulfillment (in British English order fulfilment) is in the most general sense the complete process from point of sales inquiry to delivery of a product to the customer. Sometimes ''Order fulfillment'' is used to describe the more narrow act of distribution or the logistics function, however, in the broader sense it refers to the way firms respond to customer orders. ==Classification== The first research towards defining order fulfillment strategies was published by Hans Wortmann,〔J.C. Wortmann, Chapter: "A classification scheme for master production schedule", in Efficiency of Manufacturing Systems, C. Berg, D. French and B. Wilson (eds) New York, Plenum Press 1983〕 and was continued by Hal Mather〔Hal Mather, Competitive manufacturing, Prentice Hall 1988〕 in his discussion of the P:D ratio, whereby P is defined as the production lead-time, i.e. how long it takes to manufacture a product, and D is the demand lead-time. D can be viewed as: 1.The lead time quoted by the firm to the customer 2.The lead time the customer wishes it was 3.The competitive lead time Based on comparing P and D, a firm has several basic strategic order fulfillment options:〔Fogarty, Blackstone, Hoffman. ''Production & Inventory Management'' 2nd ed. South-Western Publishing Co. 1991 p.2-3 ISBN 0-538-07461-2〕 * Engineer-to-Order (ETO) - (D>>P) Here, the product is designed and built to customer specifications; this approach is most common for large construction projects and one-off products, such as Formula 1 cars. * Build-to-Order (BTO); syn: Make-to-Order (MTO) - (D>P) Here, the product is based on a standard design, but component production and manufacture of the final product is linked to the order placed by the final customer's specifications; this strategy is typical for high-end motor vehicles and aircraft. * Assemble-to-Order (ATO); syn: Assemble-to-request - (D * Make-to-Stock (MTS); syn: Build-to-Forecast (BTF) - (D=0) Here, the product is built against a sales forecast, and sold to the customer from finished goods stock; this approach is common in the grocery and retail sectors. * Digital Copy (DC) - (D=0, P=0) Where products are digital assets and inventory is maintained with a single digital master. Copies are created on-demand, downloaded and saved on customers' storage devices, such as research papers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order fulfillment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|